BLOG 7:
"MICROBIAL GENETICS DEFINITIONS"
Definitions for the structure and replication of genomes
Genetics
- is the study of inheritance and inherited traits
Genes
- are composed of specific sequences of nucleotides that code for polypeptides that code for polypeptides or RNA molecules
Genome
- is the sum of all the gentic material in a cell or virus
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finitions for the structure of Nucleic Acid
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Base Pairs (BP)
- describes the two strands of DNA that are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of nucleic acids
Chromosomes
- typically circular molecules of DNA associated with protein and RNA molecules in nucleotide
Nucleotides
- localized area of the cytoplasm
Plasmids
- extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in prokaryotic cells
Histones
- proteins found in eukaryotic cell chromosomes
Nucleosomes
- beads of DNA; that clump with other proteins to form chromatin fibers
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efinitions for DNA replication
Leading strand
- is synthesized toward the replication fork
Lagging strand
- is synthesized in a direction away from the replication replication fork, and discontinually in Okazaki fragments
Methylation
- a cell addds a methyl group to one or two bases that are part of specific nucleotide sequences
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