Penicillin
|
Penicillin
|
·
Bind
to and deactivate the enzyme that cross links the NAM subunits of
peptidoglycan
|
·
Natural
drugs have limited action against most Gram – (G-) bacteria because they do
not readily cross the outer membrane
·
Synthetic
drugs have broader spectra of action
|
·
Allergic
reactions against beta-lactams in some adults; monobactams are least
allergenic
|
Vancomycin
|
Vancomycin
|
·
Directly
interferes with the formation of alanine-alanine bridges between NAM subunits
|
·
Affective
against most G+ bacteria but generally reserved for use against strains
resistant to other drugs such as; Methicillin-resistant staphylococci aureus (MRSA)
|
·
Damage
to ears and kidneys, allergic reactions
|
Streptomycin
|
|
·
Inhibit
protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S subunit of prokaryotic
ribosomes
·
bactericidal
by destroying outer membrane of G-bacteria
|
·
Broad
(effective against G+ and G- bacteria
|
·
Damage
to ears and kidneys, allergic reactions
|
Erythromycin
|
Erythromycin
|
·
Act by binding to the 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes and
preventing the elongation of the nascent protein
|
·
Effective
against G+ and a few G- bacteria
|
·
Nausea,
mild gastrointestinal pain, vomiting; erythromycin increases risk of cardiac
arrest
|
Tetracycline
|
Tetracycline
|
·
Prevents
tRNA molecules, which carry amino acids, from binding to ribosomes at the 30S
subunit’s docking site
|
·
Most
are broad (effective against many G+ and G- bacteria as well as against
bacteria that lack cell walls, such as Mycoplasma
|
·
Nausea,
diarrhea, sensitivity to light, forms complexes with calcium, which stains
developing teeth and adversely affects the strength and shape of bones
|
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